Peptic ulcers are sores that form on the lining of the stomach or small intestine, causing burning stomach pain. These ulcers can be caused by smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, stomach cancer, or radiation therapy. They are defined as damage or sores on the lining of the digestive tract, including the stomach, esophagus, and small intestine. Bacterial infection by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in the stomach is a common cause of peptic ulcers, leading to symptoms such as a burning sensation in the stomach.
According to the US National Institute of Health, there is a 5 to 10 percent risk of developing peptic ulcers. Imbalance in digestive juices and long-term use of anti-inflammatory drugs can also contribute to the development of peptic ulcers. Common symptoms include nausea, weight loss, and chest pain. Treatment depends on the underlying cause, with over-the-counter medications often prescribed.
Peptic ulcers result from excessive stomach acid, leading to open sores on the stomach or small intestine lining. Gastric ulcers occur within the stomach, while duodenal ulcers are found in the upper portion of the small intestine. Duodenal ulcers are four times more common than gastric ulcers according to the National Institute of Health.
Symptoms of peptic ulcers include a burning sensation in the stomach area, bloating, belching, heartburn, nausea, loss of appetite, and bloody stools. Various factors such as bacterial infections, excessive alcohol consumption, stress, tobacco use, and certain cancer treatments can lead to the development of peptic ulcers.
Diagnostic tests such as upper endoscopy and upper GI tests are used to confirm the presence of peptic ulcers. Treatment involves acid suppression agents like H2 blockers and proton pump inhibitors. Failure to treat peptic ulcers may result in serious complications such as perforation, internal bleeding, and scarring that impairs digestion.
Prevention of peptic ulcers can be achieved through lifestyle changes such as dietary modifications, avoiding triggers like alcohol and tobacco, managing stress, and limiting the use of certain medications like ibuprofen and aspirin.