Symptoms of anal cancer can include anal bleeding, the formation of a lump, and difficulty passing stools. This rare tumor originates in the tissues of the anus. While uncommon, anal cancer can spread to other parts of the body. To learn more about this condition, continue reading.
What is anal cancer?
Anal cancer is a type of cancer that develops in the tissues of the anus, located at the end of the large intestine. Although not as frequently discussed as other cancers, it is important to be aware of its existence. Dr. Ganesh Nagarajan, an oncologist, explains that this cancer forms in the anal canal, the short tube through which stool leaves the body.
What causes anal cancer?
To understand the causes of anal cancer, it is essential to prevent this condition in the first place.
1. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection:
Certain types of HPV can lead to changes in anal cells that may become cancerous over time. Unprotected sex increases the risk of HPV infection, which, in turn, can lead to anal cancer, according to Cancer Research UK.
Also Read: Single dose of HPV vaccine might be enough to prevent the cancer-causing infection
2. Smoking
In addition to causing other types of cancer, smoking can also increase the risk of anal cancer, as stated in a study published in the World Journal of Clinical Oncology.
3. Weak immunity
Individuals with weakened immune systems due to conditions like HIV or medications after organ transplants are at a higher risk of developing anal cancer.
4. History of cervical, vaginal, or vulval cancer
Those with a history of cervical, vaginal, or vulval cancer are at a higher risk of developing anal cancer, as highlighted in the Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease.
Symptoms of anal cancer
Most cases of anal cancer are diagnosed late due to the lack of observable symptoms in the early stages. Therefore, routine examinations and screenings are crucial. Symptoms that may develop as the disease progresses include anal bleeding, pain or a lump in the anal area, and changes in bowel habits.
Risk factors in anal cancer
Risk factors, such as age and lifestyle choices, can increase the likelihood of developing anal cancer. Individuals with multiple sexual partners, engage in anal intercourse, or have untreated anal irritation are at a higher risk.
Diagnosis of anal cancer
Doctors may conduct a Digital Rectal Exam (DRE) and a proctoscopy to diagnose anal cancer. If cancer is suspected, a tissue sample may be taken for microscopic examination.
How to treat anal cancer?
Treatment for anal cancer depends on the cancer’s stage, the patient’s health, and age. Chemoradiation is a common treatment option, with surgery being necessary in some cases.
How to prevent anal cancer?
While anal cancer cannot be completely prevented, lifestyle changes like HPV vaccination, safe sexual practices, avoiding smoking, and regular screenings can help reduce the risk of developing this type of cancer.