Whooping cough, also known as pertussis, is a respiratory infection that can lead to fits of coughing. It can be treated with medication and prevented with a vaccine. This contagious infection is caused by the bacteria Bordetella pertussis and can spread from person to person through coughing, sneezing, or touching infected surfaces. Symptoms typically start with cold-like symptoms and can escalate to violent coughing fits with a high-pitched ‘whoop’ sound.
Diagnosing whooping cough involves a medical history, physical exam, lab tests, blood tests, and chest x-rays. Early treatment with antibiotics is crucial to reduce the severity of the infection and prevent its spread. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary, especially for infants and young children at higher risk for complications like pneumonia.
Whooping cough can be prevented with the DTaP vaccine, which is given in multiple doses starting at 2 months of age. A booster vaccine, Tdap, is recommended for older children, teens, and adults. Practicing good hand hygiene, avoiding contact with sick individuals, and using preventive measures like masks can also help prevent the spread of whooping cough.
Seek medical help if prolonged cough spells result in vomiting, difficulty breathing, or a noticeable change in skin color. Complications of whooping cough can include cracked ribs, hernias, pneumonia, dehydration, seizures, and even brain damage in infants under 6 months of age.