There is a connection between your immune system and menstrual cycle, which is why you may be more susceptible to illness during your period.
Menstruation involves more than just period cramps, bloating, and pain. Women may also experience cold and cough symptoms before or during their period due to the relationship between the immune system and menstrual cycle. While there isn’t a direct link between the two, hormonal changes during your period can impact your immune system. Here’s why your immune system may weaken during your period.
What is the immune system?
The immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that protect the body from infections and diseases by recognizing and eliminating harmful pathogens like bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. Dr. Komal Bhadu explains that the immune system functions through various immune cells such as T cells and B cells to neutralize and eliminate pathogens when they enter the body.
![A sick woman on a couch A sick woman on a couch](https://images.healthshots.com/healthshots/en/uploads/2024/03/19171726/immunity1-370x207.jpg)
Does period weaken the immune system?
Menstruation itself doesn’t weaken the immune system, but hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle can impact immune function. Research published in the Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics suggests that fluctuations in sexual hormones like progesterone throughout the menstrual cycle can influence the immune system.
Another study in the Mucosal Immunology journal found that progesterone may reduce the body’s ability to fight off infections.
Here’s how period and immunity are connected:
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- During menstruation, estrogen and progesterone levels are typically low, leading to a decrease in immune function and possibly increased vulnerability to infections.
- In the follicular phase after the period, rising estrogen levels have an immunostimulatory effect, temporarily boosting immune function.
- Ovulation, around mid-cycle, sees a peak in estrogen levels that may enhance immune function and provide additional protection against infections.
- In the luteal phase following ovulation, increased progesterone levels and decreased estrogen levels may suppress immune function, making one more susceptible to infections. This is because progesterone aims to promote pregnancy while immune cells are meant to fight off foreign matter, leading to a potential conflict in immunity.
![Period calendar Period calendar](https://images.healthshots.com/healthshots/en/uploads/2024/03/19171904/immunity2-370x207.jpg)
How to boost immunity during period?
To enhance immunity during your period, focus on adopting healthy lifestyle habits such as eating a balanced diet rich in essential nutrients and antioxidants. Dr. Bhadu recommends including fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins, as well as consuming foods high in vitamin C, iron, and protein to support immune cell growth.
You can also follow these lifestyle tips:
- Stay hydrated by drinking water and fresh juices.
- Regular exercise to boost immune function.
- Manage stress through relaxation techniques like yoga, meditation, or deep breathing exercises.
- Prioritize quality sleep for rest and repair.
- Maintain good hygiene by washing hands frequently and practicing proper menstrual hygiene to reduce infection risk.
By following these tips, you can help maintain and support your immune function during your period.